Phylum Chordata

Five major features seen in Phylum Chordata 

1. Dorsal Hollow tubular Nerve Cord
2. Notochord
3. Pharyngeal pouches and slits
4. Endostyle and thyroid gland
5. Post-anal tail

Phylum Chordata 
 Subphylum Urochordata Tunicata
 Subphylum Cephalochordata Amphioxus
 Subphylum Vertebrata 
   Superclass Agnatha  
     Class Myxini Hagfish
     Class Cephalospidomorphi Lamprey

Hagfish vs. Lamprey
Source: http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=Lab-III-introduction-to-vertebrates-1

     
    Superclass Gnathostomata
       Class Chondrichthyes cartilaginous skeleton fish
         Subclass Elasmobranchii shark
         Subclass Holocephali chimaeras and ratfish
       Class Actinopterygii ray-fin fishes, ossified skeleton
         Subclass Chondrostei ganoid scales
         Subclass Neopterygii cycloid or ctenoid scales
       Class Sarcopterygii Lobe fin
         
Scales Types 

Scales Types
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/157635/Scales-and-scale-configurations-of-representative-bony-and-cartilaginous-fishes

Ganoid scales, Cycloid scales, and Ctenoid scales are in Class Actinopterygii
Cosmoid scales (Rare scales) only found in Sarcopterygii
Placoid scales are only in Class Chondrichthyes

Caudal Fin types 
Class Chondrichthyes has Heterocercal fin

Heterocercal Fin 

Class Actinopterygii has Homocercal fin

Homocercal Fin

Class Sarcopterygii has Diphycercal fin

Diphycercal Fin

Fin Images Source:  http://www.elp.manchester.ac.uk/pub_projects/2003/MNZO0MLK/lectur28.jpg

Class Amphibia 
     Order Anura Frog, Toad
     Order Urodela Salamanders
     Order Gymnophiona Legless salamanders
 
  Class Reptilia
    Subclass Anapsida
       Order Testudines Turtle
    Subclass Diapsida
     Superorder Ichthyosauria dophin-shaped diapsida
     Superorder Sauropterygia Mesozoic marine reptiles
        Order Plesiosauria  
     Superorder Archosauria
        Order Pterosauria Wing-archosauria
        Order Crocodilia
        Order Ornithischia
        Order Saurischia
          Suborder Sauropodomorpha Diplodocus, Branchiosaurus, Supersaurus...
          Suborder Theropoda Tyrannosaurus, Velociraptor...
     Superorder Lepidosauria
        Order Squamata
           Suborder Lacertillia All Lizards
           Suborder Amphisbaenia Worm Lizards
           Suborder Serpentes All snakes 
        Order Sphenodonta tuatara
    Subclass Synapsida 
       Order Therapsida 

  Class Aves
   Subclass Archaeornithes Primitive "Bird"
   Subclass Neornithes 
     Order Gaviiformes Loons
     Order Podicipediformes Grebes
     Order Pelecaniformes Pelicans
     Order Ciconiiformes Egrets
     Order Anseriformes Ducks, Geese, Swan
     Order Falconiformes Falcons
     Order Galliformes Chickens, Turkeys, Peacocks
     Order Charadriiformes 
     Order Columbiformes Pigeons, Doves
     Order Cuculiformes cuckoo
     Order Strigiformes Owls
     Order Apodiformes Hummingbirds
     Order Piciformes Woodpeckers 
     Order Passeriformes Song Birds 
     Order Sphenisciformes Penguins
     Order Struthioniformes Ratites
     Order Psittaciformes Parrots
Terminology:
Precocious development: make their nests on the ground (chicken, ostriches, etc.)
Altricial development: make their nests on the tree (song birds, owls, etc.)

Class Mammalia 
   Subclass Protheria  
     Order Monotremata (Possess a Cloaca): Platypus
   Subclass Theria 
    Infraclass Metatheria/ Marsupial (Possess a Pouch)
     Order Marsupialia: Kangaroo
    Infraclass Eutheria 
     Order Cingulata: Armadillos
     Order Pilosa: Anteaters and sloths
     Order Sirenia: Sea cows and Manatees
     Order Soricomorpha: Shrews and Moles
     Order Proboscidea: Elephants
     Order Tubulidentata: Aardvarks 
     Order Pholidota: Pangolins
     Order Scandentia: Tree Shrews 
     Order Artiodactyla: Cattle, sheep, goats, hippopotamuses  
     Order Perissodactyla: Horse, Zebra  
     Order Cetacea: Whales and Dolphin 
     Order Chiroptera: Bats
     Order Carnivora: Sea otters, sea lion, raccoon, harbor seal, walrus
     Order Lagomorpha: Rabbits and Hares
     Order Rodentia: mice, rats, squirrels  
     Order Primates: Chimps, humans, apes

Source: Professor Blake Barron's Lab Manual